Shorts 3(exam pointer)

 THE REVOLUTIONARIES

A revolutionary is someone who supports abrupt, rapid, and drastic change.

During the years following 1815, the fear of repression drove many liberal-nationalists underground.

Secret societies found in many European states to train revolutionaries and spread their ideas.

A commitment to oppose monarchical forms that had been established after the Vienna Congress, and

to fight for liberty and freedom.

GIUSEPPE MAZZINI

He is Italian Revolutionary

Member of Secret Society Of Carbonari.

Found two underground societies

I. Young ltaly,1831

 & II. Young Europe

• Believed in the Unification of Italy into a republic. his vision was democratic republics
• He opposes monarchy and conservatives.

Metternich described him as 'The Most Dangerous Enemy Of Our Social Order (monarchy)."

GREEK WAR OF INDEPENDENCE

Greece has been under the Ottoman Empire since the 15th century.

The growth of revolutionary movements in Europe provoked Greeks to struggle for their independence.

Many western Europeans supported Greeks to sympathise with the ancient Greek culture.

Poets and artists mobilized public opinion to support its struggle against the Ottoman Empire.

Finally, with Treaty of Constantinople,1832 Greece was recognized as an independent nation.

French Revolution,1848

The year 1848 was one such year. Food shortages and widespread unemployment brought the population of Paris out on the roads.

Food shortage and widespread unemployment brought

In 1848 the population of Paris was out on the roads and Louis Philippe was forced to flee.

National Assembly proclaimed a Republic granted suffrage to all adult males above 21, and guaranteed the right to work.

National workshops to provide employment were set up.

ff France sneezes, rest of Europe catches cold' • Metternich