Detailed Timeline for history 2

 Class 10 History - Chapter 2: Nationalism in India

This chapter focuses on the emergence of nationalism,

 the role of Mahatma Gandhi,

 and the mass movements leading to India’s struggle for independence.

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Early Nationalist Movements (Before 1919)

1905 – Partition of Bengal: Initiated by Lord Curzon, leading to Swadeshi and Boycott Movements.

1906 – Formation of Muslim League: Aimed to safeguard Muslim interests.

1909 – Morley-Minto Reforms: Introduced separate electorates for Muslims.

1914-1918 – World War I: Led to economic hardships in India, price rise, and heavy taxation.

1915 (January 9) – Mahatma Gandhi returns to India from South Africa.

1916 – Lucknow Pact: Congress and Muslim League come together for common political goals.

1917 – Champaran Satyagraha: Gandhi’s first major movement in India against indigo planters.

1918 – Kheda Satyagraha: Gandhi demands tax relief for peasants affected by famine.

1918 – Ahmedabad Mill Strike: Gandhi supports textile workers for better wages.

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Rise of Mass Nationalism (1919-1922)

1919 – Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms: Introduced limited self-government.

March 1919 – Rowlatt Act passed: Allowed detention without trial, leading to mass protests.

April 6, 1919 – Nationwide Hartal against Rowlatt Act.

April 13, 1919 – Jallianwala Bagh Massacre: British troops led by General Dyer fire on peaceful protestors in Amritsar.

1919-1924 – Khilafat Movement launched by Ali brothers (Shaukat Ali and Mohammad Ali) to protect the Ottoman Caliph.

1920 – Non-Cooperation Movement launched after approval in the Calcutta Session of Congress.

1921 – Prince of Wales visits India: Met with mass boycotts.

1922 (February 5) – Chauri Chaura Incident: Police station burned by protestors; Gandhi calls off the movement.

1922-1924 – Gandhi imprisoned in Yerwada Jail.

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Towards Civil Disobedience (1927-1931)

1927 – Appointment of Simon Commission: Led to nationwide protests as no Indians were included.

1928 – Nehru Report: A constitutional proposal rejecting separate electorates.

October 30, 1928 – Lala Lajpat Rai injured during protests against the Simon Commission; he dies later.

1929 (December 31) – Lahore Session of Congress: Purna Swaraj (Complete Independence) declared.

January 26, 1930 – First Independence Day celebrated nationwide.

March 12 - April 6, 1930 – Dandi March (Salt Satyagraha): Gandhi marches 240 miles to break salt laws.

1930 – Civil Disobedience Movement begins: Salt Satyagraha spreads across the country.

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Civil Disobedience Movement and Its Aftermath (1931-1935)

March 5, 1931 – Gandhi-Irwin Pact: Gandhi agrees to suspend Civil Disobedience in exchange for the release of political prisoners.

September-December 1931 – Second Round Table Conference: Gandhi represents Congress but fails to secure demands.

1932 – Civil Disobedience Movement relaunched after British refusal to grant full self-rule.

August 16, 1932 – Communal Award announced by British PM Ramsay MacDonald: Grants separate electorates for Dalits.

September 24, 1932 – Poona Pact: Gandhi and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar agree on reserved seats for Dalits instead of separate electorates.

1933 – Gandhi’s Harijan Campaign: Focuses on upliftment of untouchables.

1935 – Government of India Act: Introduces provincial autonomy but retains British control over key areas.