Judiciary 2

Questions and Answers:

**Q1. What is the significance of judicial review in the Indian Constitution?**

**Answer:**

Judicial review allows the judiciary to examine the constitutionality of legislative enactments and executive orders. This ensures that laws and actions of the government do not violate the Constitution, thus protecting the fundamental rights of citizens. It upholds the principle of the supremacy of the Constitution and maintains the checks and balances system.

**Q2. Describe the process of appointment and removal of judges in the Supreme Court.**

**Answer:**

Judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by the President of India in consultation with other judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts as deemed necessary. The Chief Justice of India (CJI) plays a crucial role in this process. Judges can be removed only by an order of the President passed after an address by each House of Parliament supported by a special majority on grounds of proven misbehavior or incapacity.

**Q3. Explain the concept of Public Interest Litigation (PIL).**

**Answer:**

Public Interest Litigation (PIL) is a legal mechanism that allows individuals or groups to file petitions on behalf of those whose rights are affected, without being directly aggrieved. It enables the judiciary to address issues of public concern, such as environmental protection, human rights violations, and government accountability, thereby promoting social justice and the rule of law.

**Q4. What is the original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of India?**

**Answer:**

The original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court refers to cases that can be directly heard by it, rather than on appeal from a lower court. This includes disputes between the Government of India and one or more states, or between two or more states, and cases involving the enforcement of fundamental rights.

**Q5. How does the appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court work?**

**Answer:**

The appellate jurisdiction allows the Supreme Court to hear appeals against decisions of lower courts. Appeals can be made in civil, criminal, and constitutional cases. This jurisdiction ensures that a higher authority reviews decisions, providing a final check on the correctness of judicial decisions.