Physiography class 11 Geo 2

1 **Describe the major physiographic divisions of India.**

   - Answer: India is divided into five major physiographic divisions: the Northern Mountains, the Great Plains, the Peninsular Plateau, the Indian Desert, and the Coastal Plains. Each of these regions has distinct geographical features.

2. **Explain the formation and characteristics of the Northern Mountains.**

   - Answer: The Northern Mountains, including the Himalayas, were formed due to the collision of the Indian Plate with the Eurasian Plate. They are characterized by high peaks, deep valleys, and a series of parallel ranges. The Himalayas act as a natural barrier and significantly influence the climate of the Indian subcontinent.

3. **Discuss the significance of the Peninsular Plateau in India's physiography.**

   - Answer: The Peninsular Plateau is the oldest landmass in India, primarily composed of igneous and metamorphic rocks. It is rich in minerals and is a major source of rivers like the Narmada and the Godavari. The plateau is divided into several smaller plateaus such as the Deccan Plateau, the Malwa Plateau, and the Chota Nagpur Plateau.

4. **Describe the geographical features of the Indian Desert.**

   - Answer: The Indian Desert, also known as the Thar Desert, is characterized by sandy terrain, dunes, and scanty vegetation. It receives very little rainfall and has extreme temperatures. The desert lies to the northwest of the Aravalli Hills and extends into the state of Rajasthan.

5. **Explain the differences between the Eastern Coastal Plains and the Western Coastal Plains.**

   - Answer: The Eastern Coastal Plains are broader and are characterized by river deltas formed by rivers like the Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, and Kaveri. They have lagoons and backwaters. The Western Coastal Plains are narrower and are divided into the Konkan Coast, the Kannad Plain, and the Malabar Coast. They have numerous estuaries and are known for their biodiversity.

6. **How do the physiographic features of India influence its climate?**

   - Answer: The Himalayas act as a barrier to the cold winds from Central Asia, thereby giving India a tropical climate. The Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats influence the monsoon winds and rainfall patterns. The Thar Desert also affects the southwest monsoon winds, leading to varying rainfall in different parts of India.

7. **Discuss the role of the Great Plains in India's agriculture.**

   - Answer: The Great Plains are formed by the alluvial deposits of the Indus, Ganga, and Brahmaputra rivers and are highly fertile. These plains support intensive agriculture and are known as the "Granary of India." They are crucial for the cultivation of crops like wheat, rice, sugarcane, and pulses.