PYQ 3M resource and development

 THREE MARKS QUESTIONS

24. What is Agenda 21? List its two principles. [2017]

Ans :

Agenda 21 was adopted at first International Earth

Summit held in 1992 at Rio de Janerio Brazil.

The two principles are as follows:

a. To combat environmental damage, pov¬erty,

disease through global cooperation on common

interests, mutual needs and shared responsibilities.

b. Every local government should draw its own local

Agenda 21.

25. Why is it essential to have resource planning? Explain

any three reasons. [2017]

Ans :

a. If the present trend of resource depletion by few

individuals continues, the future of our planet is

in danger.

b. Planning is essential for sustainable existence of

all forms of life.

c. Indiscriminate exploitation of resources has led to

global ecological crises.

26. In India, some regions are rich in certain types of

resources but deficient in some other resources”. Do

you agree with the statement? Support your answer

with any three examples. [2017]

Ans :

Yes, there are regions which are rich in certain types

of resources but are deficient in some other resources.

a. Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh

are rich in minerals and coal deposits.

b. Arunachal Pradesh has abundance of water

resources but lacks in infrastructural development.

c. Rajasthan is endowed with solar and wind energy

but lacks in water resources.

d. Ladakh has rich cultural heritage but lacks in

water resources and infrastructure.

27. Distinguish between red soil and laterite soil stating any three points of distinction. [2015]

Ans

28. Which is the main cause of land degradation in

Gujarat, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh? How can it

be checked? Explain. [2015]

Ans :

The main cause of land degradation is large scale

overgrazing

Measures to check include:

a. Afforestation and proper management of grazing.

b. Planting of shelter belts of plants.

c. Stabilization of sand dunes by growing thorny

bushes.

d. Control on overgrazing.

29. Describe any three measures of controlling land

degradation. [2015, 2014, 2012]

or

Explain any three steps taken to solve the problem of

land degradation in India. [2011]

Ans :

a. Afforestation and proper management of grazing

can help to some extent.

b. Planting of shelter belts, control on over-grazing,

stabilisation of sand dune by growing thorny

bushes.

c. Proper management of wastelands, control of

mixing activities, proper discharge and disposal of

industrial effluents and wastes after treatment can

reduce land and water degradation in industrial

and sub-urban areas are some of the methods to

check land degradation.

30. Mention any three features of arid soils. [2014]

Ans :

Features of arid soils :

1. Arid soils range from red to brown in colour.

2. They are generally sandy in texture and saline in nature.

3. Due to dry climate, high temperature, evaporation is faster and the soil lacks humus and moisture.

4. The lower horizons of the soil are occupied by Kankar because of the increasing calcium content downwards.

(Any three).

31. ‘Land is a natural resource of utmost importance’.

Justify the statement with appropriate arguments.

[2014]

Ans :

a. We live on land, we perform our economic

activities on land and we use it in different ways.

b. It supports natural vegetation, wildlife, human life,

economic activities, transport and communication

systems.

c. It is an asset of a finite magnitude.

32. Indiscriminate use of resources had led to numerous

problems.’ Justify this statement. [2014, 2012, 2011]

Ans :

Resources are vital for human survival and it was

believed that resources are free gift of nature. The

indiscriminate use of resources led to the following

problems:

a. To satisfy the greed of few individuals, depletion

of resources has continued.

b. Due to the accumulation of resources in few

hands, the society gets divided into two segments,

e.g., rich and poor.

c. Indiscriminate use of resources has ‘ led to

ecological crises, e.g., ozone layer depletion, land

degradation, global warming and environmental

pollution.

33. How can you contribute to minimize the pollution.

Explain. [2014]

Ans :

We can contribute to minimize the pollution by:

a. Planting more plants and trees.

b. Using non-conventional sources of energy such as

solar and wind energy.

c. Using public transport instead of personal car/

motor bike etc.

d. Saving water and electricity.

34. Define the following terms:

a. Current fallow land

b. Other than current fallow

c. Cultural waste land [2013]

Ans :

a. Current fallow land: Left uncultivated / for one or

less than one agricultural year.

b. Other than current fallow: Left uncultivated for

past 1 to 5 agricultural years.

c. Cultural waste land: Left uncultivated for more

than 5 agricultural years