5M rise of nationalism in Europe

 Long questions (5M)

1. Describe the events of French Revolution which had influenced the people belonging to other parts of

Europe.

Ans: The French revolution took place in 1789 had various impacts on Europe.

-the revolution led to the setting up of Jacobin Clubs in different cities of Europe.

-paved way for the French armies to move into Holland, Belgium, Switzerland and some parts of Italy.

-the idea of nationalism began to be carried by French armies

-rise of Napoleon, the concept of equality of law and uniform laws, liberate the people of Europe from

despotic rulers

-the concept of nation states.

2. Explain the contribution of Otto von Bismarck in German unification.

Ans: Germany was united by the Prussian Chief Minister Otto Von Bismarck with the help of the

Prussian Army and bureaucracy. Prussia fought three wars with Austria, Denmark and France over seven

years and won. It completed the process of unification. Finally the German Empire was proclaimed and

William I was crowned as the Emperor.

3. Explain the process of unification of Italy.

Ans: The Italian state of Sardinia-Piedmont played the role of uniting Italy, similar to that play by Prussia

in the case of Germany. Count Camillo de Cavour the chief minister of Sardinia Piedmont led the

movement to unite the separate states of 19th century Italy with the help of army and an alliance with

France. The regions annexed by Giuseppe Garibaldi and his Red Shirts joined with the Northern regions

to form a united Italy in 1861. The Papal states joined it in 1870.

4. Describe any five steps taken by the French revolutionaries to create a sense of collective identity among

the French people.

Ans: They introduced the idea of la patrie and le citoyen, concept of a uited community enjoying equal

rights under a constitution-new French flag to replace royal standard flag-the Estates General, elected

body of active citizens, renamed the National Assembly-new hymns composed, oaths taken, martyrs

commemorated-established centralized administrative system, formulated uniform law for all-adopted

uniform system of weights and measures, internal custom duties were abolished-promoted French

language, discouraged regional dialects…

5. Describe the process of unification of Britain.

Ans: In Britain, the formation of nation state was not the result of a sudden upheaval or revolution-it was

a long drawn process.-role of ethnic groups: their cultural identities-steady growth of the English nation

in case of wealth, importance and power, Act of unior 1707- between Scotland and England-language

and religious policies-1801 Ireland was incorporated forcibly into Britain.