3M Rise of Nationalism in Europe

 Short questions (3M)

1. How had the female figures become an allegory of the nation during the 19th century in Europe?

Ans: Nations were portrayed as female figure. The female form that was chosen to personify the nation

did not stand for any particular woman in real life. It gives an abstract idea of the nation in concrete

form.

2. The decade of 1830 had brought great economic hardships in Europe’. Support the statement with

arguments.

Ans: enormous increase in population, more jobs seekers than employment, population from rural

areas migrated to cities, small producers faced competition, and peasant struggled under the feudal

dues, rise of price of food crops and bad harvest.

3. Describe the role of culture in shaping the feelings of nationalism in Europe from 1830 to the end of

19th century.

Ans: culture helped to express and shape nationalist feeling, shared collective heritage, criticized the

glorification of reason and science, German philosophers Johann Gottfried popularized the true spirit

of nation through folk song, folk poetry and folk dance.

4. What were main aims of the Treaty of Vienna of 1815?

Ans: The Bourbon dynasty was restored to power and France lost the territories it had annexed.

A series of states were set up o the boundaries of France.

Prussia was given important new territories on its western frontiers, while Austria was given control

of Northern Italy.

The German confederation of 39 states was left untouched.

5. Explain the contribution of Otto von Bismarck in German unification.

Ans: Bismarck was the Chief Minister of Prussia, he carried out the process of German unification

with the help of Prussian army and bureaucracy, the unification was done by three wars for seven

years, after winning Bismarck became the chancellor of North Confederation, and the King of Prussia

William I was crowned as the German Emperor.

6. Explain any three causes of conflict in the ‘Balkan area’ after 1871.

Ans: Slav nationalities struggle for their identity and independence, the Balkan states were fiercely

jealous of each other and wanted to gain more territory, rivalry among the European powers over trade

and colonies as well as army and naval might, Balkan tension led to a series of wars and finally the

First World War.

7. Why was Zollverein formed?

Ans: (a) In 1834, a custom union or zollverein was formed at the initiative of Prussia.

(b) The aim of zollverein was to bind the Germans economically into a nation.

© The Union abolished the tariff barriers and reduced the number of currencies from over thirty to

only two.

8. What was the Act of Union, 1707?

Ans: Scotland got incorporated in Britain through this Act of Union of 1707, England could impose

its influence on Scotland, The catholic clans of Scottish Highlands suffered terrible repression, they

were forbidden to speak their Gaelic language, wear their national dress, many were forcibly driven

out of their homeland.

9. Explain any three beliefs of the conservatism that emerged after 1815.

Ans: They did not tolerate criticism and dissent, curbed activities that questioned the legitimacy of

autocratic governments, censorship on media,

10. Explain any five social and administrative reforms introduced by Napoleon in regions under his

control.

Ans: (a) did away all privileges based on birth. Simplified administrative divisions

(b) Established equality before the law and secured the right to property.

(C) Simplified administrative division, abolished the feudal system, freed peasants from serfdom and

manorial.